Mu myaka yashize, iki ni ikibazo cyagarutsweho n'abantu benshi kandi benshi.Nk'uko ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu kibitangaza, ingufu z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ku isi mu 2020 zari amasaha 156 ya terawatt.Nk'uko guverinoma y'Ubwongereza ibivuga, Ubwongereza butanga megawatt zirenga 13.400 y'ingufu kandi imaze gushyirwaho miliyoni zirenga imwe. Gushyira imirasire y'izuba nayo yazamutseho 1,6% bitangaje kuva 2020 kugeza 2021. Nkuko tubikesha ResearchandMarkets.com, isoko y'izuba biteganijwe ko iziyongera 20.5% ikagera kuri miliyari 222.3 z'amadolari (miliyari 164) kuva 2019 kugeza 2026.
Raporo ya “Guardian” ivuga ko muri iki gihe Ubwongereza bufite ikibazo cy’ingengo y’imari y’ingufu, kandi fagitire zishobora kuzamuka kugera kuri 50% .Umugenzuzi w’ingufu mu Bwongereza Ofgem yatangaje ko izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ingufu (umubare ntarengwa utanga ingufu irashobora kwishyuza) guhera ku ya 1 Mata 2022. Ibyo bivuze ko abantu benshi bifuza kubona inyungu nyinshi mumafaranga yabo kubijyanye nabatanga ingufu nisoko ryingufu nkizuba.Ariko imirasire yizuba ikwiye?
Imirasire y'izuba, yitwa Photovoltaics (PV), igizwe na selile semiconductor nyinshi, ubusanzwe ikozwe muri silikoni. Silicon iri mumiterere ya kristaline kandi ishyizwe hagati yibice bibiri byayobora, igice cyo hejuru cyatewe na fosifore naho hepfo ni boron.Iyo urumuri rwizuba inyura muri utwo tugari twinshi, itera electron zinyura murwego kandi zigatanga umuriro w'amashanyarazi. Dukurikije ingufu zo kuzigama ingufu, iki giciro gishobora gukusanywa no kubikwa mubikoresho byo murugo.
Ingano yingufu ziva mubicuruzwa byizuba PV zirashobora gutandukana bitewe nubunini bwaho n’aho biherereye, ariko mubisanzwe buri panel itanga watts 200-350 kumunsi, kandi buri sisitemu ya PV igizwe na paneli 10 kugeza kuri 15. Urugo rusanzwe rwo mubwongereza rukoresha hagati ya 8 na Kilowat 10 kumunsi, nkuko urubuga rwo kugereranya ingufu UKPower.co.uk rubitangaza.
Itandukaniro nyamukuru ry’amafaranga hagati y’ingufu zisanzwe n’ingufu zikomoka ku zuba ni cyo giciro cyo hejuru cyo gushyiraho amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.Ubu ni bwo buringanire bwa sisitemu yo mu Bwongereza kandi busaba metero kare 15 kugeza kuri 20 [hafi metero kare 162 kugeza kuri 215], ”ibi bikaba byavuzwe na Brian Horn, umujyanama mukuru ushinzwe ubushishozi n’isesengura muri Energy Efficiency Trust, yatangarije LiveScience kuri imeri.
Nubwo ibiciro byambere byatangiye, impuzandengo yubuzima bwa sisitemu yizuba ya PV ni imyaka 30-35, nubwo bamwe mubakora ibicuruzwa bisaba igihe kirekire nkuko ibiro bishinzwe ingufu n’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa.
imirasire y'izuba
Hariho kandi uburyo bwo gushora imari muri bateri kugirango hasarurwe ingufu zose zirenze zakozwe na sisitemu yifoto yizuba. Cyangwa ushobora kuyigurisha.
Niba sisitemu ya Photovoltaque itanga amashanyarazi menshi kurenza urugo rwawe rukoresha, birashoboka kugurisha ingufu zirenze kubatanga ingufu muri garanti ya Smart Export Garanti (SEG) .SEG iboneka gusa mubwongereza, Scotland na Wales.
Muri iyi gahunda, amasosiyete atandukanye y’ingufu ashyiraho amahoro ku giciro biteguye kugura ingufu zirenze izuba rya PV hamwe n’andi masoko y’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa nka hydro cyangwa turbine y’umuyaga.Urugero, guhera muri Gashyantare 2022, utanga ingufu E. ON kuri ubu itanga ibiciro byamafaranga agera kuri 5.5 (hafi 7 cente) kuri kilowatt.Nta gipimo cy’imishahara ihamye kiri munsi ya SEG, abatanga ibicuruzwa barashobora gutanga ibiciro byagenwe cyangwa bihinduka, nyamara, nkuko bitangazwa na Energy Efficiency Trust, igiciro kigomba guhora hejuru ya zeru.
Ati: "Ku mazu afite imirasire y'izuba hamwe n’ubwishingizi bw’ubwenge, i Londere no mu majyepfo y’Ubwongereza, aho abayirimo bamara igihe kinini mu rugo, bakazigama amapound 385 [hafi $ 520] ku mwaka, bakishyura hafi imyaka 16 [imibare yakosowe Ugushyingo 2021] ukwezi] ”, Ihembe.
Nk’uko Horn abitangaza ngo imirasire y'izuba ntizigama ingufu gusa ndetse ikanabona amafaranga muri icyo gikorwa, inongerera agaciro urugo rwawe. imikorere.Hamwe n’ibiciro biherutse kwiyongera ku isoko, ingaruka z’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba ku biciro by’amazu Birasa nkaho hibandwa cyane ku buryo bwo kugabanya ingufu z’ingufu no guhindura amasoko y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu. ”Horn yagize ati. amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba arashobora kongera igiciro cyo kugurisha inzu ku £ 1.800 (hafi $ 2,400).
Nibyo, izuba ntabwo ari ryiza kuri konti zacu gusa, ahubwo rifasha no kugabanya ingaruka zangiza zinganda zingufu kubidukikije. Inzego zubukungu zisohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere cyane ni amashanyarazi nubushyuhe.Inganda zingana na 25% Ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije kivuga ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku isi yose.
Nka nkomoko y’ingufu zirambye kandi zishobora kuvugururwa, sisitemu yifoto yizuba idafite ingufu za karubone kandi ntisohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Nkuko bigaragazwa n’ingufu za Efficiency Trust, ingo zo mu Bwongereza zishyira mu bikorwa gahunda ya PV zishobora kuzigama toni 1,3 kugeza kuri 1.6 (toni 1.43 kugeza kuri 1.76) za karubone. imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku mwaka.
Ati: “Urashobora kandi guhuza izuba PV hamwe nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga bushobora kuvugururwa nka pompe yubushyuhe.Iri koranabuhanga rikorana neza kubera ko ingufu za PV zituruka ku zuba rimwe na rimwe zitanga ingufu za pompe y’ubushyuhe, bigafasha kugabanya ibiciro by’ubushyuhe, "Horn yagize ati:" Turasaba kugisha inama uwashizeho kugira ngo abone ibyo asabwa mbere yo kwiyemeza gushyiraho amashanyarazi ya PV izuba. " yongeyeho.
Imirasire y'izuba PV ntigira imbogamizi kandi ikibabaje ni uko buri rugo rudashobora guhuza imirasire y'izuba PV.
Ikindi gitekerezwaho ni ukumenya niba ukeneye uruhushya rwo gutegura kugirango ushyireho izuba PV.Inyubako zirinzwe, igorofa ya mbere hamwe n’aho uba ahantu harinzwe birashobora gusaba uruhushya mbere yo kuyishyiraho.
Ikirere kirashobora kugira ingaruka kumikorere ya sisitemu yizuba ya PV kugirango itange amashanyarazi. Dukurikije E.ON, nubwo imirasire yizuba izerekanwa nizuba rihagije kugirango itange amashanyarazi, harimo iminsi yibicu nimbeho, ntishobora guhora mubikorwa byiza.
Ati: “Nubwo sisitemu yawe yaba ingana iki, ntushobora buri gihe kubyara ingufu zose ukeneye kandi ukeneye kunyura kuri gride kugirango uyishyigikire.Icyakora, urashobora guhindura imikoreshereze yawe y'amashanyarazi, nko gukoresha ibikoresho kugirango ubyare amashanyarazi ku manywa iyo paneli yazimye ”, Horn.
Usibye gushiraho sisitemu ya PV yizuba, hari nibindi biciro ugomba gutekerezaho, nko kubungabunga. Amashanyarazi akomoka kumirasire y'izuba yitwa direct current (DC), ariko ibikoresho byo murugo bikoresha insimburangingo (AC), bityo inverter zashyizweho kugirango zihindurwe icyerekezo kitaziguye. Dukurikije urubuga rwo kugereranya ingufu GreenMatch.co.uk, izi inverter zifite igihe cyo kubaho hagati yimyaka itanu na 10. Igiciro cyumusimbura gishobora gutandukana nabatanga isoko, nyamara, ukurikije urwego rusanzwe MCS (Micro-Generation Certificate Scheme) ), ibi bigura £ 800 (~ $ 1,088).
Kubona amasezerano meza kuri sisitemu yizuba PV murugo rwawe bisobanura guhaha hirya no hino.Ibiciro birashobora gutandukana hagati yabashizeho nibicuruzwa, bityo rero turasaba ko twatangira umurimo uwo ariwo wose byibuze Kubona amagambo yatanzwe nabashizeho batatu. " ati.
Ntagushidikanya ko ingaruka nziza z’ibidukikije zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba zifite akamaro.Ku bijyanye n’ubushobozi bw’amafaranga, sisitemu ya PV izuba ifite ubushobozi bwo kuzigama amafaranga menshi, ariko igiciro cyambere ni kinini.Buri rugo rwose ruratandukanye mubijyanye no gukoresha ingufu n'ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, amaherezo bizagira ingaruka ku mubare w'amafaranga ushobora kuzigama ukoresheje sisitemu ya PV y'izuba.Kugufasha gufata icyemezo cyawe cya nyuma, Ingufu zo kuzigama ingufu zitanga calculatrice yoroheje yo kugereranya amafaranga ushobora kuzigama ukoresheje ingufu z'izuba.
Ukeneye ibisobanuro birambuye kubyerekeye ingufu z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, sura Ubwongereza Solar Energy and Energy Savings Trust.Ushobora kandi kumenya amasosiyete y'ingufu atanga impushya za SEG mururu rutonde rworoshye rwa Ofgem.
Scott ni umwanditsi w'ikinyamakuru How It Work kandi akaba yaranditse mbere kubindi bimenyetso bya siyanse n'ubumenyi birimo BBC Wildlife Magazine, Ikinyamakuru Animal World Magazine, space.com hamwe n'ikinyamakuru All About History.Scott afite impamyabumenyi ya MA mu bumenyi n'itangazamakuru ry'ibidukikije na BA muri Kubungabunga Biologiya yakuye muri kaminuza ya Lincoln. Mu mibereho ye yose y’amasomo n’umwuga, Scott yagize uruhare mu mishinga myinshi yo kubungabunga ibidukikije, harimo ubushakashatsi bw’inyoni mu Bwongereza, gukurikirana impyisi mu Budage no gukurikirana ingwe muri Afurika yepfo.
Ubumenyi bwa Live ni igice cya Future US Inc, itsinda ryitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga kandi riyobora abamamaji ba digitale. Sura urubuga rwisosiyete yacu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-25-2022
