Mu myaka yashize, iterambere mu mikorere ya sisitemu yo kuvoma amazi ya Photovoltaque (PVWPS) ryashimishije cyane abashakashatsi, kubera ko imikorere yabo ishingiye ku musaruro w’amashanyarazi asukuye.Muri iyi nyandiko, hashyizweho uburyo bushya bwa fuzzy logic controller bushingiye kuri PVWPS Porogaramu ikubiyemo tekinike yo kugabanya igihombo ikoreshwa kuri moteri ya induction (IM) .Ubugenzuzi bwateganijwe butoranya uburyo bwiza bwa flux mu kugabanya igihombo cya IM. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo kureba intambwe ihindagurika-intambwe yo kugenzura nayo iratangizwa.Uburyo bukwiye bwo kugenzura byemewe na kugabanya imiyoboro y'amazi;kubwibyo rero, igihombo cya moteri kiragabanuka kandi imikorere iratera imbere.Ingamba zateganijwe zo kugenzura zigereranywa nuburyo butagabanije igihombo.Ibisubizo byagereranijwe byerekana imikorere yuburyo bwateganijwe, bushingiye ku kugabanya igihombo cyumuvuduko wamashanyarazi, kwinjiza amashanyarazi, gutemba amazi, no guteza imbere flux.Ikizamini gitunganijwe-muri-loop (PIL) gikorwa nkikizamini cyubushakashatsi bwuburyo bwateganijwe. Harimo ishyirwa mubikorwa rya code yakozwe C ku kibaho cyo kuvumbura STM32F4. Ibisubizo byabonetse mubyashyizwemo ikibaho gisa numubare wigana ibisubizo.
Ingufu zisubirwamo, cyane cyaneizubatekinoroji ya Photovoltaque, irashobora kuba isuku yuburyo bwa lisansi yimyanda muri sisitemu yo kuvoma amazi 1,2.
Moteri zitandukanye zikoreshwa mugukoresha pompe ya PV.Icyiciro cyibanze cya PVWPS gishingiye kuri moteri ya DC.Iyi moteri iroroshye kugenzura no kuyishyira mubikorwa, ariko bisaba kubungabungwa buri gihe bitewe na annotator hamwe na brushes5.Kunesha iyi mbogamizi, idafite brush moteri ya magneti ihoraho yatangijwe, irangwa no kutagira brush, gukora neza no kwizerwa6. Ugereranije nizindi moteri, IM-ishingiye kuri PVWPS ifite imikorere myiza kuko iyi moteri yizewe, ihendutse, idafite-kubungabunga, kandi itanga amahirwe menshi yo kugenzura ingamba7 .Uburyo butaziguye bwo kugenzura ibyerekezo (IFOC) hamwe nuburyo bwo kugenzura Torque (DTC) bukoreshwa cyane8.
IFOC yatejwe imbere na Blaschke na Hasse kandi yemerera guhindura umuvuduko wa IM murwego rugari9,10.Umuyoboro wa stator ugabanijwemo ibice bibiri, kimwe kibyara magnetiki ikindi kibyara umuriro uhinduranya na sisitemu ya dq ihuza.Ibi biremera kugenzura kwigenga kwa flux na torque mubihe bihamye kandi bigenda bihinduka.Axis (d) ihujwe na rotor flux space vector, ikubiyemo q-axis igizwe na rotor flux space vector ihora ari zeru.FOC itanga igisubizo cyiza kandi cyihuse11 . bigenzurwa no gukuramo stator flux na torque uhereye kubigereranyo bihuye.Ibisubizo bigaburirwa kugereranya hystereze kugirango bibyare ingufu za voltage ikwiye kugenzurabyombi stator flux na torque.
Ikibazo nyamukuru cyingamba zokugenzura ni ihindagurika rinini rya flux na flux bitewe no gukoresha hystereze igenzura ibyuma bya stator flux hamwe na electromagnetic torque igenga15,42.Muhindura imashini ikoreshwa mukugabanya imvururu, ariko imikorere igabanuka numubare wamashanyarazi16. Abanditsi benshi bakoresheje moderi ya moderi ya moderi (SWM) 17, kugenzura uburyo bwo kunyerera (SMC) 18, nubuhanga bukomeye ariko bahura ningaruka ziterwa na jittering19.Abashakashatsi benshi bakoresheje tekinike yubwenge yubukorikori kugirango banoze imikorere yabagenzuzi, muribo, (1) imitsi imiyoboro, ingamba zo kugenzura zisaba abatunganya umuvuduko mwinshi gushyira mubikorwa20, na (2) algorithms genetique21.
Igenzura rya Fuzzy rirakomeye, rikwiranye ningamba zo kugenzura zidafite umurongo, kandi ntirisaba ubumenyi bwurugero nyarwo. Harimo gukoresha ikoreshwa rya fuzzy logic bloks aho kugenzura hysteretic no guhinduranya ameza yo guhitamo kugirango ugabanye flux na torque ripple.Bikwiye kwerekana ko DTCs ishingiye kuri FLC itanga imikorere myiza22, ariko ntibihagije kugirango wongere imikorere ya moteri, bityo rero tekinoroji yo kugenzura loop irakenewe.
Mubushakashatsi bwinshi bwabanjirije iki, abanditsi bahisemo guhora bahindagurika nkibisobanuro bifatika, ariko uku guhitamo kwerekanwa ntabwo kwerekana imyitozo myiza.
Imashini ikora cyane, ikora neza cyane moteri isaba umuvuduko wihuse kandi wukuri.Ku rundi ruhande, kubikorwa bimwe, igenzura ntirishobora kuba ryiza, bityo imikorere ya sisitemu yo gutwara ntishobora kuba nziza. Imikorere myiza irashobora kuboneka ukoresheje impinduka ihindagurika mugihe cya sisitemu ikora.
Abanditsi benshi basabye umugenzuzi wubushakashatsi (SC) ugabanya igihombo mubihe bitandukanye byimitwaro (nko muri 27) kugirango tunoze imikorere ya moteri.Ubuhanga bugizwe no gupima no kugabanya imbaraga zinjiza ukoresheje itera ya d-axis yerekana cyangwa stator flux reference.Nyamara, ubu buryo butangiza impanuka ya torque bitewe no kunyeganyega kugaragara mu kirere cyo mu kirere, kandi ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryubu buryo riratwara igihe kandi rikaba rigereranya umutungo-cyane. komera muri minima yaho, biganisha ku guhitamo nabi ibipimo byo kugenzura29.
Muri iyi nyandiko, tekinike ijyanye na FDTC irasabwa guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwa magnetiki flux mukugabanya igihombo cya moteri.Iyi mikoranire itanga ubushobozi bwo gukoresha urwego rwiza rwa flux kuri buri mwanya ukoreramo, bityo bikongerera imikorere ya sisitemu yo kuvoma amashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, birasa nkaho ari byiza cyane kubijyanye no kuvoma amazi ya Photovoltaque.
Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, umutunganyirize-muri-loop yuburyo bwateganijwe akorwa hifashishijwe ikibaho cya STM32F4 nkicyemezo cyo kugerageza. Ibyiza byingenzi byiyi ngingo ni ubworoherane bwo gushyira mubikorwa, igiciro gito kandi nta mpamvu yo guteza imbere gahunda zigoye 30 .Mu byongeyeho , FT232RL USB-UART ihinduranya ihujwe na STM32F4, yemeza interineti itumanaho ryo hanze kugirango hashyizweho icyambu gikurikirana (icyambu cya COM) kuri mudasobwa. Ubu buryo butuma amakuru yoherezwa ku gipimo kinini cya baud.
Imikorere ya PVWPS ikoresheje tekinike yatanzwe igereranwa na sisitemu ya PV nta kugabanya igihombo mu bihe bitandukanye byo gukora.Ibisubizo byabonetse byerekana ko sisitemu yo kuvoma amazi ya Photovoltaque ari nziza mu kugabanya igihombo cya stator n’umuringa, guhuza amazi no kuvoma amazi.
Impapuro zisigaye zubatswe kuburyo bukurikira: Icyitegererezo cya sisitemu yatanzwe gitangwa mu gice cyitwa "Modeling of Photovoltaic Systems" .Mu gice "Ingamba zo kugenzura sisitemu yize", FDTC, ingamba ziteganijwe zo kugenzura hamwe na tekinike ya MPPT ni byasobanuwe ku buryo burambuye. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi byaganiriweho mu gice cya "Ibisubizo byigana". Mu gice cya "Ikizamini cya PIL hamwe n’ikibaho cyo kuvumbura STM32F4", hasuzumwe ibizamini bitunganijwe. Imyanzuro y'uru rupapuro itangwa muri " Umwanzuro ”igice.
Igishushanyo 1 kirerekana sisitemu yatanzwe kugirango sisitemu yo kuvoma amazi yihagararaho yonyine. Sisitemu igizwe na pompe ya centrifugal ishingiye kuri IM, umurongo wa fotokoltaque, ibyuma bibiri bihindura imbaraga [kuzamura impinduka hamwe na voltage isoko inverter (VSI)]. Muri iki gice , icyitegererezo cya sisitemu yo kuvoma amazi ya Photovoltaque yerekanwa.
Uru rupapuro rwemeza icyitegererezo kimwe cyaizubaselile Photovoltaic.Ibiranga selile ya PV byerekanwa na 31, 32, na 33.
Kugirango ukore imihindagurikire y'ikirere, imbaraga zo guhindura zikoreshwa.Isano iri hagati yinjiza n’ibisohoka n’umuvuduko wa DC-DC ihindurwa itangwa na Equation 34 hepfo:
Imibare yimibare ya IM irashobora gusobanurwa murwego rwo hejuru (α, β) hamwe ningero zikurikira 5,40:
Aho \ (l_ {s} \), \ (l_ {r} \): indorerezi ya stator na rotor, M: inductance, \ (R_ {s} \), \ (I_ {s} \): kurwanya stator na stator Ibiriho, \ (R_ {r} \), \ (I_ {r} \): kurwanya rotor hamwe na rotor, \ (\ phi_ {s} \), \ voltage, \ (\ phi_ {r} \), \ (V_ {r} \): flux flux na voltage ya rotor.
Centrifugal pompe yumuriro torque ugereranije na kare ya umuvuduko wa IM irashobora kugenwa na:
Igenzura rya sisitemu yo kuvoma amazi yatanzwe igabanyijemo ibice bitatu bitandukanye. Igice cya mbere kivuga ku ikoranabuhanga rya MPPT. Igice cya kabiri kivuga ku gutwara IM hashingiwe ku kugenzura imiyoboro ya fuzzy logic igenzurwa neza.Ikindi kandi, igice cya III gisobanura tekinike ijyanye DTC ishingiye kuri DTC yemerera kugena fluxes.
Muri iki gikorwa, tekinike ihinduka-intambwe ya P&O ikoreshwa mugukurikirana ingufu ntarengwa.Birangwa no gukurikirana byihuse no kunyeganyega gake (Ishusho 2) 37,38,39.
Igitekerezo nyamukuru cya DTC ni ukugenzura mu buryo butaziguye flux na torque yimashini, ariko gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bwa electromagnetic torque na stator flux igenga ibisubizo bivamo umuvuduko mwinshi na flux ripple. Uburyo bwa DTC (Igishusho 7), na FLC irashobora guteza imbere inverter ihagije.
Muri iyi ntambwe, ibyinjijwe bihindurwa mubihindagurika binyuze mumikorere yabanyamuryango (MF) namagambo yindimi.
Imikorere itatu yabanyamuryango kubikorwa byambere (εφ) nibibi (N), byiza (P), na zeru (Z), nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3.
Ibikorwa bitanu byabanyamuryango kubwinjiriro bwa kabiri (\ (\ varepsilon \) Tem) ni Nini Nini (NL) Ntoya (NS) Zeru (Z) Zito Zito (PS) na Nini Nini (PL), nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 4.
Inzira ya stator flux igizwe nimirenge 12, aho fuzzy set ihagarariwe numurimo wabanyamuryango wa isosceles triangulaire nkuko bigaragara mumashusho 5.
Imbonerahamwe 1 amatsinda 180 amategeko ya fuzzy akoresha ibikorwa byabanyamuryango binjiza kugirango bahitemo ibintu bihinduka.
Uburyo bwo gufata umwanzuro bukorwa hakoreshejwe tekinike ya Mamdani.Ibintu biremereye (\ (\ alpha_ {i} \)) by'itegeko rya i-th bitangwa na:
aho \ (\ mu Ai \ ibumoso ({e \ varphi} \ iburyo) \), \ (\ mu Bi \ ibumoso ({eT} \ iburyo), \) \ (\ mu Ci \ ibumoso (\ theta \ iburyo) \): Agaciro k'ubunyamuryango bwa magnetiki flux, torque na stator flux angle ikosa.
Igishushanyo cya 6 cyerekana indangagaciro zikarishye zabonetse mu gaciro ka fuzzy ukoresheje uburyo ntarengwa bwatanzwe na Eq. (20).
Mu kongera imikorere ya moteri, umuvuduko wikigereranyo urashobora kwiyongera, ari nako byongera kuvoma amazi ya buri munsi (Igicapo 7) .Intego yubuhanga bukurikira ni uguhuza ingamba zo kugabanya igihombo nuburyo bwo kugenzura umuriro.
Birazwi neza ko agaciro ka magnetiki flux ari ingenzi kumikorere ya moteri. Indangagaciro za flux ziganisha ku gutakaza ibyuma kimwe no kwiyuzuzamo magnetique yumuzunguruko. Ibinyuranye, umuvuduko muke utera igihombo kinini cya Joule.
Kubwibyo, kugabanya igihombo muri IM bifitanye isano itaziguye no guhitamo urwego rwa flux.
Uburyo buteganijwe bushingiye ku kwerekana igihombo cya Joule kijyanye numuyoboro unyura muri stator ihindagurika muri mashini.Bigizwe no guhindura agaciro ka rotor flux kugeza ku gaciro keza, bityo kugabanya igihombo cya moteri kugirango byongere imikorere.Ibihombo bya Joule irashobora kugaragazwa gutya (kwirengagiza igihombo cyibanze):
Umuyoboro wa electromagnetic \ (C_ {em} \) na rotor flux \ (\ phi_ {r} \) ubarwa muri sisitemu ya dq ihuza nka:
Umuyoboro wa electromagnetic \ (C_ {em} \) na rotor flux \ (\ phi_ {r} \) ubarwa mubisobanuro (d, q) nka:
mugukemura ikigereranyo.
Ibigereranyo bitandukanye byakozwe hifashishijwe porogaramu ya MATLAB / Simulink kugirango isuzume imbaraga n’imikorere ya tekinike yatanzwe. Sisitemu yakozweho iperereza igizwe n'umunani 230 W CSUN 235-60P (Imbonerahamwe 2) ihujwe mu ruhererekane. Pompe ya centrifugal itwarwa na IM, kandi ibipimo byayo biranga bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 3.Ibigize sisitemu yo kuvoma PV bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 4.
Muri iki gice, sisitemu yo kuvoma amazi ya Photovoltaque ikoresheje FDTC hamwe na flux yerekanwe ihora igereranwa na sisitemu yatanzwe ishingiye kuri flux nziza (FDTCO) muburyo bumwe bwo gukora. Imikorere ya sisitemu zombi zifotora zapimwe harebwa ibintu bikurikira:
Iki gice cyerekana uburyo bwo gutangiza gahunda ya pompe hashingiwe ku gipimo cyo kwigunga cya 1000 W / m2.Figure 8e yerekana umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi. Ugereranije na FDTC, tekinike yatanzwe itanga igihe cyiza cyo kuzamuka, igera kuri leta ihagaze kuri 1.04 s, hamwe na FDTC, igera kuri stade ihagaze kuri 1.93 s.Figure 8f yerekana kuvoma ingamba zombi zo kugenzura.Birashobora kugaragara ko FDTCO yongera amafaranga yo kuvoma, isobanura iterambere ryingufu zahinduwe na IM.Figures 8g na 8h byerekana stator yashushanijwe.Ibikorwa byo gutangira ukoresheje FDTC ni 20 A, mugihe ingamba ziteganijwe zo kugenzura zerekana uburyo bwo gutangira bwa 10 A, bigabanya igihombo cya Joule. Ishusho ya 8i na 8j yerekana stator yateye imbere.Bishingiye kuri FDTC. PVPWS ikorera kumurongo uhoraho wa 1.2 Wb, mugihe muburyo buteganijwe, flux flux ni 1 A, igira uruhare mukuzamura imikorere ya sisitemu ya fotora.
(a)Imirasire y'izubaImirasire (b) Gukuramo ingufu (c) Inzira yumusoro (d) Umuvuduko wa bisi ya DC (e) Umuvuduko wa rotor (f) Kuvoma amazi (g) Icyiciro cya Stator icyerekezo cya FDTC (h) Icyiciro cya Stator kuri FDTCO (i) Igisubizo cya Flux ukoresheje FLC .
Uwitekaizubaimirasire yari itandukanye kuva 1000 kugeza 700 W / m2 kumasegonda 3 hanyuma ikagera kuri 500 W / m2 kumasegonda 6 (Ishusho 8a) .Figure 8b yerekana ingufu za fotokoltaque ihuye na 1000 W / m2, 700 W / m2 na 500 W / m2 .Figures 8c na 8d byerekana uruzinduko rwinshingano na voltage ya DC ihuza, muburyo bukurikira.Figure 8e yerekana umuvuduko wamashanyarazi wa IM, kandi turashobora kubona ko tekinike yatanzwe ifite umuvuduko mwiza nigihe cyo gusubiza ugereranije na sisitemu yo gufotora ya FDTC.Figure 8f yerekana kuvoma amazi murwego rutandukanye rwa irradiance yabonetse ukoresheje FDTC na FDTCO. Kuvoma byinshi birashobora kugerwaho hamwe na FDTCO kuruta kuri FDTC.Figures 8g na 8h byerekana ibisubizo byigana byubu ukoresheje uburyo bwa FDTC hamwe nuburyo bwateganijwe bwo kugenzura. Ukoresheje uburyo bwateganijwe bwo kugenzura. , amplitude y'ubu iragabanutse, bivuze gutakaza umuringa muke, bityo kongera imikorere ya sisitemu.Niyo mpamvu, umuvuduko mwinshi wo gutangiza urashobora gutuma imikorere yimashini igabanuka.Figure 8j yerekana ihindagurika ryibisubizo bya flux kugirango uhitemouburyo bwiza bwo kwemeza ko igihombo kigabanutse, kubwibyo, tekinike yatanzwe irerekana imikorere yayo. Bitandukanye nishusho ya 8i, flux irahoraho, ntabwo igaragaza imikorere myiza.Figures 8k na 8l zerekana ihindagurika ryinzira ya stator.Figure 8l yerekana iterambere ryiza kandi risobanura igitekerezo nyamukuru cyingamba zateganijwe zo kugenzura.
Impinduka zitunguranye muriizubaimirasire yakoreshejwe, itangirana na irrasiyo ya 1000 W / m2 hanyuma igabanuka gitunguranye kugera kuri 500 W / m2 nyuma ya 1.5 s (Igicapo 9a) .Kuri 9b herekana ingufu za fotovoltaque zakuwe mubibaho bifotora, bihwanye na 1000 W / m2 na 500 W. hamwe na FDTCO yari hejuru ugereranije na FDTC, kuvoma 0.01 m3 / s kuri 1000 W / m2 irradiance ugereranije na 0.009 m3 / s hamwe na FDTC;byongeye kandi, iyo irradiance yari 500 W Kuri / m2, FDTCO yavomye 0.0079 m3 / s, mugihe FDTC yavomye 0.0077 m3 / s.Figures 9g na 9h.Dondora igisubizo kiriho cyigana hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa FDTC hamwe nuburyo bwateganijwe bwo kugenzura. Turashobora kumenya ko ingamba ziteganijwe zo kugenzura zerekana ko amplitude iriho igabanuka mugihe cyimihindagurikire yumuriro itunguranye, bigatuma igihombo cyumuringa kigabanuka.Figure 9j yerekana ihindagurika ryigisubizo cya flux kugirango uhitemo flux nziza kugirango igihombo kigabanuke, kubwibyo, tekinike yatanzwe yerekana imikorere yayo hamwe na flux ya 1Wb hamwe na irradiance ya 1000 W / m2, mugihe flux ari 0.83Wb naho irradiance ni 500 W / m2. Bitandukanye nishusho ya 9i, flux ihora kuri 1.2 Wb, ntabwo herekana imikorere myiza.Figures 9k na 9l yerekana ihindagurika rya stator flux trajectory.Figure 9l yerekana iterambere ryiza kandi risobanura igitekerezo nyamukuru cyingamba zateganijwe zo kugenzura no kunoza sisitemu yatanzwe.
(a)Imirasire y'izubaImirase FLC (j) Igisubizo cya flux ukoresheje FDTCO (k) Stator flux trayectory ukoresheje FDTC (l) Inzira ya Stator flux ukoresheje FDTCO.
Isesengura rigereranya ryikoranabuhanga ryombi mubijyanye nagaciro ka flux, amplitude iriho hamwe na pompe byerekanwe mumbonerahamwe 5, yerekana ko PVWPS ishingiye kubuhanga bwateganijwe itanga imikorere ihanitse hamwe no kwiyongera kwa pompe no kugabanya amplitude iriho hamwe nigihombo, bikaba bikwiye Kuri Guhitamo neza.
Kugirango ugenzure kandi ugerageze ingamba zateganijwe zo kugenzura, ikizamini cya PIL gikozwe hashingiwe ku kibaho cya STM32F4. Harimo gutanga code izapakirwa kandi ikore ku kibaho cyashyizwemo.Inama y'ubutegetsi irimo microcontroller ya 32 bit hamwe na 1 MB Flash, 168 MHz inshuro yisaha, kureremba ingingo, amabwiriza ya DSP, 192 KB SRAM.Mu gihe cyiki kizamini, hashyizweho PIL block yashyizweho muri sisitemu yo kugenzura ikubiyemo code yakozwe hashingiwe ku kibaho cya STM32F4 cyavumbuwe kandi cyatangijwe muri software ya Simulink. Intambwe zo kwemerera Ibizamini bya PIL bigomba gushyirwaho ukoresheje ikibaho cya STM32F4 byerekanwe mubishusho 10.
Kwipimisha hamwe PIL ikoresheje STM32F4 irashobora gukoreshwa nkubuhanga buhendutse bwo kugenzura tekinike yatanzwe.Muri iyi nyandiko, module nziza itanga ibitekerezo byiza byashyizwe mubikorwa mubuyobozi bwa STMicroelectronics Discovery Board (STM32F4).
Iyanyuma ikorerwa icyarimwe hamwe na Simulink kandi ihanahana amakuru mugihe cyo gufatanya ukoresheje uburyo bwateganijwe bwa PVWPS. Ishusho ya 12 irerekana ishyirwa mubikorwa rya tekinoroji ya optimizme muri STM32F4.
Gusa tekiniki yatanzwe yuburyo bwiza bwa tekinike yerekanwe muri ubu buryo bwo kwigana, kuko aribwo buryo nyamukuru bwo kugenzura iki gikorwa cyerekana imyitwarire yo kugenzura sisitemu yo kuvoma amazi ya fotora.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-15-2022
