Umuhinzi asarura umuceri mu mudugudu wa Dhundi mu burengerazuba bw'Ubuhinde.Imirasire y'izubaimbaraga pompe yamazi no kuzana amafaranga yinyongera.
Mu 2007, umurima w’ibishyimbo P. Ramesh w’imyaka 22 yatakaje amafaranga.Nkuko byari bisanzwe mu bice byinshi by’Ubuhinde (kandi n'ubu biracyahari), Ramesh yakoresheje imvange y’imiti yica udukoko n’ifumbire kuri hegitari 2,4 z’ubutaka mu karere ka Anantapur mu karere ka Anantapur. majyepfo y'Ubuhinde.Ubuhinzi ni ingorabahizi muri kariya karere kameze nk'ubutayu, kakira imvura itageze kuri 600mm y'imvura mu myaka myinshi.
Ramesh yagize ati: "Natakaje amafaranga menshi yo guhinga ibishyimbo nkoresheje uburyo bwo guhinga imiti."
Hanyuma muri 2017, yaretse imiti. ”Kuva natangira gukora ubuhinzi bushya nko guhinga amashyamba n’ubuhinzi karemano, umusaruro wanjye ninjiza byiyongereye”.
Agroforestry ikubiyemo guhinga ibiti bimaze igihe kinini (ibiti, ibihuru, imikindo, imigano, nibindi) kuruhande rwibihingwa (SN: 7/3/21 na 7/17/21, p. 30) .Uburyo busanzwe bwo guhinga busaba gusimbuza imiti yose ifumbire hamwe nudukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza nkamase yinka, inkari zinka hamwe na jagger (isukari ikomeye yumukara ikozwe mubisukari) kugirango bazamure intungamubiri zubutaka.Ramesh yanaguye imyaka ye yongeramo papayi, umuceri, okra, ingemwe (bizwi cyane ko ari ingemwe) ) nibindi bihingwa, ubanza ibishyimbo ninyanya zimwe.
Abifashijwemo na Anantapur idaharanira inyungu Accion Fraterna Eco-Centre, ikorana n’abahinzi bashaka kugerageza ubuhinzi burambye, Ramesh yongeyeho inyungu ihagije yo kugura ubutaka bwinshi, yagura ikibanza cye kigera kuri bine.hegitari.Nk'ibihumbi n’ibihumbi by’abahinzi-borozi bashya mu Buhinde, Ramesh yagaburiye neza ubutaka bwe bwashize kandi ibiti bye bishya byagize uruhare mu kugabanya ikirere cya karuboni mu Buhinde bifasha kurinda karubone mu kirere.uruhare ruto ariko rw'ingenzi. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekanye ko agroforestry ifite ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza karubone hejuru ya 34% ugereranije n'ubuhinzi busanzwe.
Mu burengerazuba bw'Ubuhinde, mu mudugudu wa Dhundi muri leta ya Gujarat, ku birometero birenga 1.000 uvuye Anantapur, Pravinbhai Parmar w'imyaka 36, akoresha imirima ye y'umuceri mu rwego rwo kugabanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere.imirasire y'izuba, ntagikoresha mazutu kugirango akoreshe pompe zamazi yubutaka.Kandi ashishikajwe no kuvoma amazi akeneye gusa kuko ashobora kugurisha amashanyarazi adakoresha.
Raporo y’imicungire ya Carbone 2020 ivuga ko Ubuhinde bwangiza buri mwaka toni miliyari 2.88 zishobora kugabanukaho toni miliyoni 45 kugeza kuri 62 ku mwaka mu gihe abahinzi bose nka Parmar bahindukiyeingufu z'izuba. Kugeza ubu, mu gihugu hari pompe zo kuhira zikoresha izuba zigera ku 250.000, mu gihe umubare w’amapompo y’amazi yo mu butaka agera kuri miliyoni 20-25.
Guhinga ibiribwa mugihe ukora kugirango ugabanye ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu bikorwa by’ubuhinzi biragoye ku gihugu kigomba kugaburira ibigiye kuba umubare munini w’abatuye isi. Muri iki gihe, ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bingana na 14% by’imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu Buhinde; . Ongeraho amashanyarazi akoreshwa nurwego rwubuhinzi kandi imibare igera kuri 22%.
Ramesh na Parmar bagize itsinda rito ry’abahinzi bahabwa ubufasha na gahunda za leta n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta kugira ngo bahindure uburyo bahinga.Mu Buhinde, abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 146 baracyakora kuri hegitari miliyoni 160 z’ubutaka bwo guhinga, haracyariho inzira ndende. Ariko inkuru zitsinzi zaba bahinzi zerekana ko umwe mubohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi mubuhinde ashobora guhinduka.
Abahinzi bo mu Buhinde basanzwe bumva ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, bahanganye n’amapfa, imvura idasanzwe ndetse n’umuvuduko ukabije w’umuyaga ndetse n’umuyaga wo mu turere dushyuha. ”Iyo tuvuze ibijyanye n’ubuhinzi bwangiza ikirere, usanga ahanini tuvuga uburyo bigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.” Murthy, umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe ikirere, ibidukikije n’iterambere rirambye mu kigo cy’ubumenyi, ikoranabuhanga n’ubushakashatsi kuri politiki, ikigo cy’ibitekerezo cyo muri Amerika.Bangalore. Ariko ubwo buryo bugomba kandi gufasha abahinzi “guhangana n’imihindagurikire itunguranye ndetse n’imiterere y’ikirere,” yavuze.
Mu buryo bwinshi, iki ni igitekerezo cyo guteza imbere ibikorwa bitandukanye by’ubuhinzi burambye kandi bushya mu gihe cy’ubuhinzi bw’ubuhinzi.YV Malla Reddy, umuyobozi w’ikigo cy’ibidukikije cya Accion Fraterna, yavuze ko ubuhinzi karemano n’ubuhinzi bw’amashyamba ari ibintu bibiri bigize gahunda ishakisha byinshi kandi abantu benshi mubice bitandukanye mubuhinde.
Reddy yagize ati: "Impinduka zikomeye kuri njye ni ihinduka ry'imyumvire ku biti n'ibimera mu myaka mike ishize." Mu myaka ya za 70 na 80, abantu ntibigeze bishimira agaciro k'ibiti, ariko ubu babona ibiti , cyane cyane imbuto n'ibiti by'ingirakamaro, nk'isoko ryinjiza. ”Reddy amaze imyaka igera kuri 50. aharanira ubuhinzi burambye mu Buhinde.Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwibiti nka pongamiya, subabul na avisa, bufite inyungu mu bukungu usibye imbuto zazo;batanga ibiryo by'amatungo na biomass ya lisansi.
Umuryango wa Reddy watanze ubufasha ku miryango irenga 60.000 y’abahinzi b’Abahinde mu buhinzi karemano n’amashyamba y’ubuhinzi kuri hegitari zigera ku 165.000. Kubara ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ubutaka bwa karuboni y’ubutaka bw’imirimo yabo birakomeje.Ariko raporo ya 2020 yakozwe na Minisiteri y’ibidukikije, amashyamba n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe. ko ubwo buryo bwo guhinga bushobora gufasha Ubuhinde kugera ku ntego yo kugera ku 33% by’amashyamba n’ibiti bitarenze 2030 kugira ngo ihindagurika ry’ikirere i Paris.ibyemezo byo gukwirakwiza karubone nkuko amasezerano abiteganya.
Ugereranije n’ibindi bisubizo, ubuhinzi bushya ni uburyo buhendutse bwo kugabanya dioxyde de carbone mu kirere. Dukurikije isesengura rya 2020 ryakozwe na Nature Sustainability, ubuhinzi bushya butwara amadorari 10 kugeza ku madolari 100 kuri toni ya dioxyde de carbone yakuwe mu kirere, mu gihe ikoranabuhanga rikuraho mu buryo bwa tekinike. Cardy iva mu kirere igura amadorari 100 kugeza ku $ 1.000 kuri toni ya dioxyde de carbone.Ntabwo ubu bwoko bwubuhinzi bwumvikana ku bidukikije, Reddy yavuze, ariko uko abahinzi bahindukira mu buhinzi bushya, amafaranga yinjiza afite ubushobozi bwo kwiyongera.
Bishobora gufata imyaka cyangwa imyaka mirongo kugirango ushireho ibikorwa byubuhinzi kugirango harebwe ingaruka ziterwa na karubone.Ariko gukoresha ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu mubuhinzi birashobora kugabanya vuba imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ikigo mpuzamahanga kidaharanira inyungu IWMI cyatangije ingufu zizuba nkigihingwa cyishyuwe gahunda mu mudugudu wa Dhundi muri 2016.
Shilp Verma, umushakashatsi w’amazi, ingufu n’ibiribwa muri IWMI, yagize ati: “Ikibazo gikomeye ku bahinzi bahura n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ni ugushidikanya.”Iyo abahinzi bashobora kuvoma amazi yubutaka muburyo bwangiza ikirere, bafite amafaranga menshi yo guhangana n’ibihe bitameze neza, Iratanga kandi imbaraga zo kubika amazi mu butaka. ”Niba uvoma bike, noneho ushobora kugurisha ingufu zirenze kuri umuyoboro. ”Imirasire y'izubaihinduka isoko yinjiza.
Guhinga umuceri, cyane cyane umuceri wo mu butaka ku butaka bwuzuyemo umwuzure, bisaba amazi menshi.Nk'uko ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku muceri kibitangaza, bisaba ikigereranyo cya litiro 1,432 z'amazi kugira ngo gitange ikiro kimwe cy'umuceri. Umuceri wuhira ugera kuri 34 kugeza kuri 43 ijana ku ijana by'amazi yose yo kuhira ku isi, uyu muryango wavuze ko.Ubuhinde nabwo bukurura amazi menshi ku isi, bingana na 25% yo kuvoma ku isi.Iyo pompe ya mazutu ikora, karubone isohoka mu kirere.Parmar na bagenzi be bahinzi bakoresheje ugomba kugura lisansi kugirango pompe ikore.
Guhera mu myaka ya za 1960, kuvoma amazi y’ubutaka mu Buhinde byatangiye kwiyongera cyane, ku buryo bwihuse kurusha ahandi.Ibi ahanini byatewe na Green Revolution, politiki y’ubuhinzi yibanda cyane ku mazi yatumaga umutekano w’ibiribwa mu gihugu mu myaka ya za 1970 na 1980, kandi bikomeza muburyo bumwe ndetse no muri iki gihe.
Ati: “Twakoreshaga amafaranga 25.000 [hafi $ 330] ku mwaka kugira ngo dukoreshe pompe y'amazi ikoreshwa na mazutu.Ibyo byahoze bigabanya inyungu zacu rwose. "
Kuva icyo gihe, abafatanyabikorwa batandatu b’abahinzi ba Parmar na Dhundi bagurishije leta zirenga 240.000 kWh kandi binjiza amafaranga arenga miliyoni 1.5 ($ 20.000) .Parmar yinjiza buri mwaka yikubye kabiri kuva ku 100.000-150.000 kugeza 200.000-250.000.
Uku gusunika kumufasha kwigisha abana be, umwe muri bo akurikirana impamyabumenyi mu buhinzi - ikimenyetso gishimishije mu gihugu aho ubuhinzi butagaragaye neza mu gisekuru cy’abakiri bato. Nkuko Parmar abivuga, "Solar itanga amashanyarazi mu gihe gikwiye, hamwe n’umwanda muke kandi uduha amafaranga yinyongera.Ni iki kidakunda? ”
Parmar yize kubungabunga no gusana panne na pompe ubwe.Ubu, iyo imidugudu ituranye ishaka gushirahopompe y'amazi y'izubacyangwa bakeneye kubisana, baramutabaza. ”Nishimiye ko abandi badukurikira.Mvugishije ukuri ndishimye cyane kuba barampamagaye ngo mfashe nabopompe y'izubasisitemu. ”
Umushinga wa IWMI muri Dhundi wagenze neza ku buryo Gujarat yatangiye mu 2018 kwigana gahunda ku bahinzi bose babyifuza ku mugambi witwa Suryashakti Kisan Yojana, isobanura mu mishinga y'ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba ku bahinzi. inguzanyo nkeya ku bahinzi kuhira imirasire y'izuba.
Mugenzi wa Verma, Aditi Mukherji, umwanditsi wa raporo yo muri Gashyantare y’akanama gashinzwe guverinoma ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe (SN: 22/3/26, p. . 7 Urupapuro). ”Nicyo kibazo gikomeye.Nigute ushobora gukora ikintu gifite ikirenge cya karuboni nkeya utagize ingaruka mbi ku musaruro no ku musaruro? ”Mukherji ni umuyobozi w’umushinga w’akarere mu kuhira izuba hagamijwe guhangana n’ubuhinzi muri Aziya yepfo, umushinga wa IWMI ureba ibisubizo bitandukanye byo kuhira izuba muri Aziya yepfo.
Reddy yagize ati: “Tugarutse muri Anantapur,“ mu karere kacu habaye impinduka zigaragara mu bimera mu karere kacu. ”Mbere, hashobora kuba nta biti byari kuba mu bice byinshi by'akarere mbere yuko bigaragara ku jisho.Noneho, ntahantu na hamwe mumurongo wawe ufite byibuze ibiti 20.Nimpinduka nto, ariko imwe ifite akamaro kumapfa yacu.Bisobanura byinshi mu karere. ”Ramesh n'abandi bahinzi ubu bishimira umusaruro uhamye kandi urambye w'ubuhinzi.
Ramesh yagize ati: "Igihe nahingaga ibishyimbo, nakundaga kubigurisha ku isoko ryaho." Ubu agurisha mu buryo butaziguye abatuye umujyi abinyujije mu matsinda ya WhatsApp. kuri we kugirango akemure icyifuzo gikura ku mbuto n'imboga "bisukuye".
Ramesh yagize ati: "Ubu nizeye ko niba abana banjye babishaka, bashobora no gukora mu buhinzi kandi bakagira ubuzima bwiza." Ntabwo nigeze mbyumva mbere yo kuvumbura ubwo buryo bwo guhinga butari imiti. "
DA Bossio n'abandi.Uruhare rwa karubone yubutaka mugukemura ibibazo byikirere.Ibidukikije biramba.roll.3, Gicurasi 2020.doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0491-z
A. Rajan n'abandi. Ikirenge cya karuboni yo kuhira amazi y'ubutaka mu Buhinde.
T. Shah n'abandi. Guteza imbere ingufu z'izuba nk'igihingwa cyiza.Icyumweru cy'ubukungu na politiki.roll.52, 11 Ugushyingo 2017.
Yashinzwe mu 1921, Amakuru yubumenyi nisoko yigenga, idaharanira inyungu yamakuru yukuri kumakuru agezweho mubumenyi, ubuvuzi, n'ikoranabuhanga.Uyu munsi, intego yacu iracyari imwe: guha imbaraga abantu gusuzuma amakuru n'isi ibakikije. .Bitangazwa na Sosiyete ishinzwe ubumenyi, umuryango udaharanira inyungu 501 (c) (3) w’abanyamuryango wahariwe uruhare rw’abaturage mu bushakashatsi n’ubumenyi.
Abiyandikishije, nyamuneka andika aderesi imeri yawe kugirango ubone uburyo bwuzuye bwo kubika amakuru yubumenyi hamwe nububiko bwa digitale.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-02-2022
