Ahagana mu mwaka wa 2011, Jonathan Cobb n'umugore we Kaylyn bari bafite icyo yise “gahunda y'imikino yoroshye.” Yavuze ko bazafata hegitari amagana z'ubutaka bukodeshwa kandi bufite imiryango muri Texas rwagati - ubutaka bumaze imyaka mirongo buhinga ibigori n'ipamba. - no kuyiha “icyo ishaka.”
Cobb avuga ko icyo ishaka ari igihingwa kirekire kavukire, nk'ibiti by'ubururu bwa feza, ibyatsi by'umuhondo byo mu Buhinde ndetse n'izuba rya Maximiliyani, bicukura imizi mu butaka buremereye bw'ibumba, atekereza ko bizaba "Kubaka karubone no kwihanganira aho hantu, kimwe n'ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi, gusiganwa ku magare - byose bisaba kugira ubutaka bushobora kuvuka. ”
Ubwanyuma, Cobbs yahisemo kuzana amatungo arisha, yigana amashyo ya bison yahoze azerera muri ibyo byatsi, akongeramo intungamubiri n’ifumbire yabo, na voila: babonye inyama ku isoko mugihe cyo kugarura umubumbe, kubika karubone, no kubungabunga umurima.
Muri icyo gihe, Cobb hamwe n’umurima we w’icyatsi kibisi bashimiwe n’imiryango idaharanira inyungu itekereza ku buryo burambye nk’icyitegererezo cy’ubuhinzi bushya - cyane cyane, ni ubutaka buhujwe kandi buhujwe no kubaka ubutaka bwiza, bubika karubone.Ibikorwa byo gutera Holistic, harimo gutera igifuniko, kwirinda guhinga, imiti yica udukoko hamwe na monocrope, gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda no gutera umuyaga w’umuyaga, byose ni uburyo bwo guhinga ibiryo bizima ahantu heza.Cobb nayo yavuzwe nkikimenyetso cyerekana ko abahinzi, itsinda rizwi cyane rirwanya impinduka, irashobora gukuraho ibihingwa gakondo, biterwa nimiti kandi bikabyara inyungu.
Niba abahinzi-borozi bashobora kwemezwa gukora inzibacyuho, kandi leta zishobora gushishikariza abantu kuvugurura uburyo bushya kandi bushimishije, ubwo rero ubuhinzi bushobora kuba igisubizo cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere aho kuba nyirabayazana.
Kubika ibice 2 kw'ijana bya karubone mu butaka byagarura imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku rwego rw’umutekano “nk'uko bigereranywa. Niba abahinzi b’ibicuruzwa bashobora kwemezwa gukora inzibacyuho, kandi niba leta zishobora gushishikariza abantu kuvugurura uburyo bushya kandi bushimishije, noneho ubuhinzi burashobora kora nk'igisubizo cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere aho kuba inyongera.
Byumvikane neza.Nta kintu.Kwiyongera kuri rusange mubuhinzi bushya bwo guhinga bundi bushya ni igitangaza ko, mu turere tumwe na tumwe dukura, iyi mbaraga irimo kubangamiwe n’ikindi kibazo cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere:izubaingufu. Hafi ya Cobb, abaturanyi bafite ubutaka batangiye gukodesha imirima yabo irumbuka - ntabwo ari abahinzi, ahubwo ni amasosiyete akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba adakora mugihe dukeneye byinshi, bitari bike, kugirango duhinge ibiryo.kubyara.
Imihindagurikire y’ibihe, n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage mu turere tumwe na tumwe, byatumye dukenera kwagura umusaruro w’ibiribwa mu gihe imirima ihenze cyane;igikorwa cyo guhinga ibiribwa nacyo kigenda kigaragara nkicyizere cyo guhomba amafaranga. Nkuko bigaragazwa n’ikigo cy’Abanyamerika cyitwa Farmland Trust (AFT), abahinzi b’abanyamerika bamanuye hegitari miliyoni 11 z’ubutaka kugira ngo butere imbere hagati ya 2001 na 2016, bushobora guhagarika umusaruro ubuziraherezo - tutibagiwe kuyihindura ibishobora kuvugururwa. Nyuma y'ibyumweru bike gusa nyuma y’akanama gashinzwe guverinoma ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe kashyize ahagaragara isuzuma ryayo rya kabiri ry’ikirere muri Gashyantare, ryerekanye ingamba zo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere zigira ingaruka mbi zitateganijwe, Cobb ababajwe n’uko akomeje gukora akazi ko kuvugurura.Ibiciro byo kubungabunga ubucuruzi buri hejuru, kandi kuba abafite amasambu mukarere ke bakodeshaizubabisa nkaho byerekana ibibazo byinshi bizaza.
Ibibazo byugarije ubuhinzi - tutibagiwe n’inzibacyuho yo kuvuka bundi bushya - birashoboka ko ari byinshi.Cobb yanyuze mu myigire ihanamye kandi yanahanganye na bene wabo barwanyaga byimazeyo guhindura uburyo bwo guhinga bwariho, bigatuma igabana ry’ubutaka bwa barumuna babo .Cobb, nyir'ubutaka wakodeshaga, na we yanze kuvanga ibintu. ”Se na sekuru bamaze ubuzima bwabo bakuraho ibyatsi bibi byose, kandi bifuzaga ko [ubutaka] bwirabura kandi buhingwa kuko aribyo guhinga bigenda neza kandi bisa.” Cobb ati.
Ibibazo bimwe ntibishobora gutegurwa.Muri Petaluma, Calif. - ntabwo arwana kurubuizubaingufu - umuhinzi w'intama n'ihene Tamara Hicks yaguze ubutaka bwatanzwe bwahoze ari ubworozi bw'amata gakondo bugamije guhinga bundi bushya.Ni mubihe bibabaje yise "Breaking-Bad bad." Methadone yasanze mubitegererezo bimwe byubutaka;firigo, amakamyo, romoruki “yongeye gukoreshwa” mu byobo byacukuwe ku misozi;imyanda iturika hafi ya cesspools;Amapine 10,000 yegeranijwe mu kibaya kugirango ahagarike ibyangijwe n’ibisekuru Ubutaka bwaragabanutse kandi bwangirika kubera ingeso zo kurisha. Mbere yuko Hicks ishobora gutera imbuto kavukire, kugura inyamaswa z’inyamanswa, cyangwa kumenya uwo kwitabaza inkunga ya tekiniki mugihe usaba inkunga yo gutera ibiti no gutangiza ubundi bushya. imyitozo, byibura bimwe mu rujijo bigomba kuvaho.
Nta gushidikanya, ingufu zisukuye, harimo n'izuba, ni ngombwa kugira ngo twirinde ingaruka mbi z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, bityo rero kuba ibikorwa by’ingirakamaroizubamuri Amerika yazamutseho 26% hagati ya 2019 na 2020 bisa nkaho ari iterambere ryiza. "Tudafite ingufu nyinshi z'izuba, ntituzashobora kugera ku ntego z’ikirere cyangwa ngo twegere ahantu hose", nk'uko byatangajwe n'umuyobozi ushinzwe ubushakashatsi muri AFT, Mitch Hunter.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi bishya (ni ukuvuga kubungabunga) byamamaye n’ubushakashatsi mpuzamahanga budaharanira inyungu nka Project Drawdown nk’ingamba zo gukosora ubuhinzi turimo gukora ubu, zisohora toni miliyoni 698 za metero za dioxyde de carbone ihwanye na buri mwaka muri Amerika. Amerika yonyine niyo ihumanya. inzira y'amazi, uburozi bwabantu nubuzima bwinyamanswa. Haracyakenewe ubushakashatsi bwigihe kirekire, bunini buracyakenewe kugirango hamenyekane akamaro k’ubutaka bwahinzwe bushya mu kubika karubone.Nyamara, ubushakashatsi buto, buto, bwigihe gito hamwe nubunararibonye bwibinyejana byatanzwe nabakozi bashinzwe ubuhinzi bushya kandi bushya nka Cobb na Hicks bavuga ko ubutaka bukize, bwihanganira kurwanya isuri mugihe ubukana bwumuyaga bushobora kurokoka amapfa kandi bugashyigikira imikurire y’ibinyabuzima.Ibinyuranye nibyiza.
Icyakora, “biroroshye cyane ko abahinzi benshi basinyira ku murongo utudomo kandi bagahembwa [gukodesha] ubutaka bwabo ku mashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba kuruta kugerageza ibibazo byose by’ubuhinzi bushya - ikibazo kigomba gusimbuka, "Umuhigi ati." Texas ni umuyobozi, ariko ni hose, bityo rero tugomba kumenya, ubikora uteizubamu buryo bwiza ku bahinzi, bwiza ku kirere, ku butaka bwiza? ”.
Umuhigi ntabwo ari we wenyine wibaza uko yabona byose, biterwa n’ikirere. Dukurikije icyuma cy’ingufu zisukuye, Ubudage buherutse gushyiraho amategeko yo gufungura ubutaka bw’ubuhinzi kugezaizubaingufu mu buryo butuma “hakoreshwa kimwe mu bice by’ibiribwa n’ingufu.” BloombergQuint ivuga ko guverinoma izatera inkunga abahinzi kongerahoizubaingufu kugeza kuri 15 ku ijana by'ubutaka bwabo, nubwo uku guhuza guhenze kuruta izuba ryonyine.Abaminisitiri b'Abadage bavuze kandi akamaro ko gukomeza ubutaka bw’ubuhinzi butanga umusaruro mu rwego rwo kubungabunga umutekano w’ibiribwa.
Muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, harakoreshwa intungamubiri nyinshi zamafoto yubuhinzi zikoreshwa nintama, ziri munsi yinka bityo zikaba zishobora kurisha hamweizubaIkibaho.
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2013, Ubuyapani bwashyizeho amategeko ajyanye na agri-PV (mu buryo bworoshye, imirasire y'izuba yemerera ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bujyanye n'ubuhinzi gukoreshwa no munsi yayo) kuva byibuze 2013, ubwo byasabaga icyo yise “kugabana ingufu z'izuba”, bubaka imishinga y'izuba kuri ubutaka bwo guhinga bugomba kuzirikana umusaruro utandukanye w’ibihingwa cyangwa ubworozi.Igihugu kandi kirizera ko kizakoresha ingufu z’ubuhinzi nk’uburyo bushoboka bwo kugarura imirima y’ubuhinzi yataye mu musaruro.
Muri Amerika, Hunter yavuze ko bishingiye ku buhinziizuba“Ni umwanya w'ibishoboka.”Irinda ibimera izuba n’ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigabanya imikoreshereze y’amazi, kandi byongera umusaruro. "Ariko biracyari mu ntangiriro y’iterambere" kandi ikibazo gikomeye cyo kubishyira mu bikorwa ni ikiguzi. Imirasire y'izuba irashobora kuba mike cyane kugirango ibimera birebire kavukire nka Cobb bikure, cyangwa inka ze zigenda munsi yazo, cyangwa kugirango imashini zihinga zinyure, niho hava amafaranga. Bisaba ibyuma byinshi kugirango biva hasi kugirango bishyigikire imyanya bicaye, ”Umuhigi ati, kandi ibyuma byinshi bingana n'amafaranga menshi.
Muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, harakoreshwa ibintu byinshi byamafoto yubuhinzi bikoreshwa nintama, ziri munsi yinka bityo zikaba zishobora kurisha imirasire yizuba.Ariko turacyakeneye icyo Hunter yita "tip-of-the-art" ifite panne yimuka kwemerera urumuri kugera ku bimera hepfo, cyangwa gucunga neza imvura kugirango igere ku butaka ahantu heza - tutibagiwe no gutura inka. ”Turacyari aho tugomba kumenya imiterere ihendutse kandi nini.” yavuze.
Icyakora, irimo kwigwa. Muri Laboratwari y’igihugu y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu (NREL) i Zahabu, muri Kolorado, ushinzwe isesengura ry’ingufu-Amazi-Ubutaka Jordan Macknick yiga icyo yise “izubaamahirwe yo kwiteza imbere ashobora gukora ubutaka bwubuhinzi nubutaka kandi bigatanga agaciro. " - kureba ibisobanuro birambuye byaizubaingufu zisabwa kuri buri sisitemu nuburyo panele igira ingaruka kubintu nkubutaka bwubutaka nisuri.
Ati: “Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye zibuza gukora ubuhinzi bushya ni uko abantu benshi badashobora kugura amadorari 30.000 yo kugura umuhinzi bakeneye rimwe cyangwa kabiri mu mwaka.”
Nubwo bimeze bityo, McNick yemeranya na Hunter ko ikiguzi ari inzitizi ikomeye mu gushyira mu bikorwa iyo mishinga, nubwo hari imirimo imwe n'imwe ibaho. Aho kuzamura uizubaakanama ko kureka amatungo n'ibikoresho bikanyura, ati: "urashobora kandi kongera intera iri hagati y'umurongo w'izuba." kandi urareba aho ibikorwa remezo byo kuhira biri… kandi uruzitiro ntirwegera cyane ku mbaho bityo ntushobora guhindura traktor - utuntu duto duto amaherezo bigira ingaruka niba umuhinzi azavuga yego, ndabivuze rwose nshaka kubikora, cyangwa oya, ntibikwiye igihe cyanjye. ”
Ni ngombwa kandi ko inganda zikomoka ku zuba zitekereza cyane ku buryo bwo guhuza na PV y’ubuhinzi. Ku masosiyete amwe n'amwe, agri-PV ihuye n'inshingano zabo rusange zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no kuzamura ibidukikije. Ku bandi, kuba amafaranga yo gukora no kuyitaho irashobora kugabanuka mugihe urisha intama "prune" ibihingwa bikura kumpande ni akarusho, kuko ibi bivuze muburyo bwo kuzamura ubukungu kuriizubaabakora. Kugeza, Macknick avuga ko ibihingwa by’inganda biherereye ku butaka bwinshi bw’ubuhinzi bubereyeizubaimbaraga, kandi ziri kandi zizakomeza kuba ihuriro ridakomeye kubijyanye na Photovoltaque yubuhinzi-imirasire yizuba hamwe n’ibisarurwa binini bya kombine ni abasangirangendo bakennye.Ariko imirima mito mito ishobora kuvugururwa itunganijwe neza ningufu zizuba. Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, "turagerageza gushyiramo imyitozo kandi tanga ubushakashatsi bufasha uburyo ubuhinzi bushobora kugira uruhare muri uyu muryango mugari w’ubuhinzi bushya ”, McNick.
Nigute dushobora kubona abahinzi bakomeza guhinga ubutaka bwabo kugeza igihe habaye impanuka zingana hagati y’ubuhinzi n’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba ni ikibazo cyugarije. Byongeye kandi, ahanini biva mu mari. ”Imwe mu nzitizi zikomeye zibuza gukora ubuhinzi bushya ni uko benshi abantu ntibashobora kwishyura amadorari 30.000 yo guhinga bakeneye rimwe gusa cyangwa kabiri mu mwaka. " Ikigo cy’ubuhinzi cya Marin (MALT) hamwe n’uburyo bwo kubungabunga ubuhinzi bwa AFT kugura uburenganzira bw’iterambere (cyangwa, ku bijyanye na AFT, biha ba nyir'ubutaka imisoro yo kureka uburenganzira bw’iterambere) ba nyir'ubutaka bakabihagarika, kugira ngo ubutaka buhingwe burundu ;kurugero, ibi biha abahinzi amafaranga yo kongeramo ibicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro mubikorwa byabo.Kworohereza MALT, Hicks yubatse amavuta kandi yagura ikigega cye.
Tugarutse muri Texas, Cobb ntiyari azi neza igihe ashobora gukomeza guhinga ubutaka. Kugira ngo bongere igitutu, ababyeyi be batekereje gukodesha igice cy'imirima y'imiryango. ”Ntibashaka kubikora, ariko amafaranga binjiza ni gikosowe, "Cobb ati:" Niba bashizemo hegitari 80izuba, barashobora kwinjiza $ 50.000 kumwaka.Ariko ibyo byantwara hegitari 80 z'ubuhinzi bwanjye. ”Icyo gihombo cyaba kinini kuruta uko bigaragara ku mpapuro.
Hunter yagize ati: "Umuhinzi wasezeye mu buhinzi, ubumenyi bwinshi umuntu umwe afite ntibukiboneka mu buhinzi, tutibagiwe no gutakaza ubutaka."izubaimbaho zishobora gukurwaho kandi ushobora kongera guhinga [ubutaka].Ariko ubumenyi, abaturage, ibikorwa remezo niba kimwe cya kabiri cyabaturanyi bawe bagurishijwe kandi ntahantu ho kuzana ibicuruzwa byawe ubu, neza, nikibazo gikomeye.Tugomba gutangira kuganira cyane ku bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga. ”
Lela Nargi ni umunyamakuru w'inararibonye ukurikirana politiki y'ibiribwa n'ubuhinzi, irambye, na siyanse kuri Washington Post, Ikinyamakuru JSTOR Daily, Siyera, Ensia, n'ibiryo bya gisivili, n'ibindi. Mumushakire kuri lelanargi.com.
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Ukoresheje urubuga rwa Counter (“twe” na “twe”) cyangwa icyaricyo cyose (nkuko bisobanurwa mu gice cya 9 hepfo) hamwe nibiranga (hamwe, "Serivisi"), wemera kumategeko akurikira nuburyo bukoreshwa nibindi ayo magambo n'amabwiriza tubamenyesha Ibisabwa (twese hamwe, "Amategeko").
Wahawe uruhushya rwumuntu ku giti cye, rusubirwamo, rugarukira, rudasanzwe, rudashobora kwimurwa kugirango ugere kandi ukoreshe Serivisi n'ibirimo, bitewe no gukomeza kwemerwa no kubahiriza aya Masezerano.Ushobora gukoresha Serivisi kugirango ukoreshe ubucuruzi bwawe bwite butari ubucuruzi. kandi ntayindi ntego. Dufite uburenganzira bwo kubuza, kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika umukoresha wese kuri Serivisi no / cyangwa guhagarika uruhushya igihe icyo aricyo cyose kubwimpamvu iyo ari yo yose. Turabitse uburenganzira ubwo aribwo bwose butatanzwe neza muri aya magambo. Turashobora guhindura amategeko. igihe icyo ari cyo cyose kandi impinduka zirashobora kuba ingirakamaro ako kanya nyuma yo kohereza.Ni inshingano zawe gusubiramo aya magambo mbere yo gukoresha serivisi, kandi nukomeza gukoresha serivise, wemera impinduka zose kimwe nuburyo bwo gukoresha.Impinduka zizabikora igaragara kandi muri iyi nyandiko, ushobora kuyigeraho igihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Turashobora guhindura, guhagarika cyangwa guhagarika ikintu icyo aricyo cyose cya serivisi, harimo no kuba hari imikorere ya serivisi iyo ari yo yose, ububikoshingiro cyangwa ibirimo, igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, cyangwa kubera impamvu iyo ari yo yose, both kubakoresha bose no kuri wewe. Turashobora kandi gushiraho imipaka kubintu bimwe na bimwe na serivisi, cyangwa kugabanya uburyo bwawe bwo kugera kuri serivisi zimwe cyangwa zose, nta nteguza cyangwa inshingano.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-28-2022
